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Relations of production (German: ''Produktionsverhältnisse'') is a concept frequently used by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in their theory of historical materialism, and in Das Kapital. It is first explicitly used in Marx's published book ''The Poverty of Philosophy'', although the concept is already defined in ''The German Ideology''. By "relations of production", Marx and Engels meant the sum total of social relationships that people ''must'' enter into, in order to survive, to produce and reproduce their means of life. As people ''must'' enter into these social relationships, i.e. because participation in them is not voluntary, the totality of these relationships constitute a relatively stable and permanent ''structure'', the "economic structure". The term "relations of production" is somewhat vague, for two main reasons: *The German word ''Verhältnis'' can mean "relation", "proportion", or "ratio". Thus, the relationships could be qualititative, quantitative or both. Which meaning applies, can only be established from the context. *The relations to which Marx refers can be social relationships, economic relationships, or technological relationships. Marx and Engels typically use the term to refer to the socioeconomic relationships characteristic of a specific epoch; for example: a capitalist's exclusive relationship to a capital good, and a wage worker's consequent relation to the capitalist; a feudal lord's relationship to a fief, and the serf's consequent relation to the lord; a slavemaster's relationship to their slave; etc. It is contrasted and also affected by what Marx called the forces of production. ==How Marx uses the concept== Here are four famous quotations showing Marx's use of the concept of relations of production: (In other words, the English relations of production did not exist in Australia; there was no system of property rights and legal obligations and no economic necessity compelling workers to work for their boss. The servants therefore could leave Mr. Peel in order to find work or occupy free land to make a better living.) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Relations of production」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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